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In this case study, we sought to determine whether undesired muscle coactivation limits the upper limb workspace, and whether the coactivation varies with stroke severity. During a voluntary reaching task with different supporting forces on upper limb, changes in muscle activation levels were record...
Knee braces have been proposed to prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and musculoskeletal (MS) models can be used to assess the effect of such braces on joint mechanics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use MS simulations to estimate the effect of an in silico ACL injury preven...
In this paper it is presented a simplified cost function (CF) that can be used to determine the pedaling cadence that minimizes the muscular stress in cycling. With respect to similar CF, the proposed one requires less experimental data to be calculated, thus it can be preferable in the characteriza...
The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of a clinic-based treadmill with integrated markerless motion capture. Hip and knee angular measures had moderate to high between-day reliability. However, caution should be exhibited interpreting joint angles from this clinic-b...
This paper presents a semi-active ankle prosthesis that adapts its stiffness to accommodate different gym exercises. The prosthesis is pneumatically actuated, and features a wireless adjustment of air pressure via smartphone app as well as a self-replenishing “pumping” mode, allowing operation w...
Using a probabilistic modelling framework, we demonstrated that some combinations of varus-valgus component malalignments from the native joint lines during total knee arthroplasty caused elevated tibial forces and ligament tensions during both level walking and stair climbing. Thus, avoiding these ...
This study presents findings from a descriptive video analysis of in-game head impacts in youth football. Parameters detailing each head impact (e.g., frequency, type, mechanism, source, location, etc.) were reviewed and documented for three different age groups (≤ 12 years). A trend towards youth...
We studied walking on a simulator designed for gaming where the subject moves by sliding his shoes on a concave surface. The metabolic cost is (about 3-5 times) higher compared with ‘normal’ walking and walking speed is lower than on treadmill at matched stride frequency. Total mechanical work i...
Second metatarsal (2MT) stress fracture is a common and burdensome injury amongst runners, however understanding of the risk factors leading to injury is limited. Finite Element (FE) modelling represents a viable biorealistic alternative to invasive studies and simple beam theory models. This study ...
Modern wearable fitness trackers contain on-device inertial measurement units (IMUs) that measure user activity metrics. These trackers, however, typically require access to a GPS-enabled device (such as a smartphone) to measure speed and distance. This presents a problem when GPS signal is sparse o...
A framework is proposed to develop an inhomogeneous Finite-Element (FE) model of a human proximal humerus fracture (PHF) with an osteosynthesis device in order to characterize the overall stiffness and load to failure properties under physiological-like loading/test conditions. An experimental set-u...
Analysis of hip contact forces, computed through musculo-skeletal modelling, of 132 total hip replacement patients while performing several activities of daily living.
Old vs young adults had lower ankle plantarflexor but not hip extensor strength. They also showed biomechanical plasticity (BP) through higher hip/ankle ratios of peak joint torques & powers in level & inclined walking. BP ratios were not correlated however with the relative strengths of hip vs ankl...
The energetic cost of muscle force production depends on the contraction type. For example, during mid stance of human walking, the calf muscles show relatively isometric fascicle behaviour, which is thought to be one reason why human walking is highly economical. As fascicle behaviour of the knee e...
Virtual reality was used to expose healthy younger and older adults to environments anticipated to challenge standing balance. Seven VR environments were compared to baseline standing. Center of pressure range in the anterior-posterior plane (measured by force plate) was significantly increased for ...
This abstract describes an automated, remotely deployable gait analysis technique that leverages machine learning and data from commercially available wearable sensors. The proposed technique is used to analyse gait in daily life for patients recovering from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstr...
Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) results in lingering quadriceps deficits leading to long-term dysfunction. A simple screening tool such as the Y Balance Test (YBT) may provide a surrogate measure of strength deficits. Quadriceps strength and dynamic balance using the YBT were assessed...
Running Specific Prostheses (RSP) used by amputee athletes for sprinting and long jumping have a large effect on athlete performance and health. This study reports about the development and test of a set of instrumented RSP (iRSP) that could be used on the field for data collection of block start, s...
To better understand the effects of fatigue on running biomechanics, data were collected using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for 28 subjects running a marathon race. During one marathon, however, one male recreational runner sustained a running-related injury in his left calf muscle and retired...
Instrumented mouthguards are used to record in-vivo head kinematics in sport. The validation of the CSx mouthguard’s capacity to measure linear acceleration was assessed using impact testing versus a reference single-axis accelerometer. The CSx mouthguard’s linear acceleration demonstrated favou...
Fixed speed treadmills are commonly used in the clinical and research setting but fail to simulate the variation inherent to natural gait that occurs with overground walking (OGW) at a quasi-steady pace for a high number of gait cycles. The self-paced treadmill (SPT) allows for user-driven variation...
Deformation and fracture behaviors of five femoral specimens were studied under a stance-type slanted loading orientation, under which the specimens were expected to show relatively low stiffness and large deflection. The proximal femurs were loaded using a specially designed fixture, mounted inside...
This study examined differences in hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics of a vertical drop jump (VDJ) task between youth with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and their age and sex matched typically developing (TD) peers. Youth with JIA performed the VDJ with significantly less knee flexion, redu...
Various types of cognitive challenges that may influence neuromuscular control may arise during athletic participation. We examined the effects of divided attention and memory challenges on knee loading during a jump landing task. Participants demonstrated less knee flexion when visual attention was...
In scientific studies and in commercial wearable devices it is often assumed that increases in ground reaction forces (GRF), or in GRF-correlated signals from pressure-sensing insoles and inertial measurement units (IMUs), indicates increases in musculoskeletal loading or overuse injury risk (e.g., ...
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