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The aim of this study was to determine how individual lower-limb muscles contributed to body COM acceleration during the first stance of sprint running when the runner presented a considerable side-to-side movement at the beginning of a sprint start. It remains unclear whether a wide step width affe...
The windlass mechanism is thought a key part of human foot form and function. Previously considered a passive tensioning of the plantar aponeurosis, we provide evidence that ankle plantar flexor, and plantar intrinsic foot muscles actively mediate the windlass mechanism and metatarsal-phalangeal joi...
In human locomotion, lower extremity stiffness (KLeg) describes how subjects attenuate load during ground contact. Greater KLeg is associated with increased risk for lower extremity injury. We analysed the neuromechanical contributions to KLeg during running and single leg hopping in healthy runners...
We investigated whether surface-detected motor unit action potential (MUAP) shapes can be used to identify alterations in muscle control that occur in neuropathy and that are typically assessed using invasive needle electromyography (EMG). We found that a novel, non-invasive MUAP extraction techniqu...
Neuromuscular disorders e.g. spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and stroke have a negative impact on functional movement capability. These disorders affect lower and upper motor neurons respectively. In this study high spatial resolution EMG (HSR-EMG) was used to record single motor unit (MU) activity in...
Lower limbs muscle force capabilities can be determined during all-out sprints, but the method is accurate only if the testing protocol provides a good fit of the data in the torque-velocity (T-V) and power-velocity (P-V) relationship curves. This study compared the goodness of fit from single all-o...
Commonly used musculoskeletal models rely on scaled generic bony geometries, which poorly represent an individual’s skeletal anatomy. This results in erroneous joint centre location, muscle origin and insertion points, and muscle-tendon moment arm estimates leading to inaccurate biomechanical anal...
The mechanical nature of factors influencing hip fracture rates are not fully understood. This study evaluated the influence of fall simulation paradigm (FSP), sex, and trochanteric soft tissue thickness (TSTT) on femoral neck stresses and fracture risk. Through coupling of experimental FSP and tiss...
Novel adaptive zero-velocity update (ZUPT) criteria when applied to data from a shin-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) are able to acceptably track start-stop pedestrian movements conducted at multiple velocities. This approach appears to overcome the persisting limitation of distinguishing co...
Sports related concussions are managed clinically; however, recent evidence suggests persistent deficits beyond clinical recovery. Nineteen intercollegiate student-athletes performed 5 trails of gait initiation (GI) prior to the concussion (baseline) and again on the day they returned to participati...
Anterior shear forces and valgus moments at the knee expose the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to high loads. Knee joint loads are largely produced by muscles, but the contribution of individual muscles to knee joint loads during potentially injurious movements, such as single leg landing, is not ...
Musculoskeletal spine models are entirely based on data from adults and might not be applicable for children and adolescents. We therefore created spine models for each year from 6-18 years of age by adjusting length and mass distribution as well as inertial properties, sagittal alignment and muscle...
Patients who have repaired their Achilles tendon (AT) rupture have potentially high risk for re-rupture. The present study showed that the great strain of the rupture-experienced AT during hopping can be one of crucial risk factors for re-rupture. In addition, the preprogramed muscle activation may ...
The purpose of the study was to develop and examine a new functional skill test with an upper extremity prosthesis, involving fundamental upper limb motor functions such as reaching, grasping, carrying, placing, releasing, and retrieving an object. The test scores (total time, accuracy, and efficien...
We sought to extend recent research that explored model-based approaches for combining clinical and gait measures (e.g., mobility, balance, strength, postural sway, difference scores between dual- and-single-task gait conditions) to determine the most sensitive grouping for retrospectively classifyi...
Modifying the placement of the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) prosthesis can have an effect on functional outcomes. A biomechanical model of the shoulder was used to evaluate 48 RTSA configurations. To determine which of these was an optimised configuration, a total of 5040 simulations w...
Loading mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is said to lead to the progression of knee osteoarthritis. Early inflammation biomarker levels and patient reported levels of pain predict poor loading mechanics 6 month post-surgery during running in those who have undergone anterior...
The effect of trochlear groove depth on lateral patellar stability following simulated tibial tubercle osteotomy was investigated using a combined statistical shape modelling and musculoskeletal simulation approach. Knee models with trochlear grooves ranging from shallow to deep were generated using...
We used a novel prosthosis to simulate the biomechanics of cycling with a uni-lateral amputation in people without an amputation. This provided a model for acute adaptation to the asymmetrical biomechanics associated with using a transtibial prosthesis. We compared joint moment data to a group of pe...
Medial knee osteoarthritis (mKOA) progression is linked to a¶ high peak knee adduction moment (pKAM). Toe-in and toeout¶ gait modifications can reduce the pKAM, but prescribing a¶ uniform modification to an entire cohort has yielded mixed¶ clinical outcomes. Our study investigates the efficacy o...
This study implemented a muscle synergy extrapolation method to estimate the fewest number of lower limb muscle activation patterns required to characterize walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Muscle activation data from a child with CP and a typically developing (TD) child were used. Find...
Professional player feedback and regulations implemented by the National Hockey League (NHL) dictate equipment modifications for ice hockey goaltenders. Recent regulation changes for goaltender chest and arm equipment in the NHL has sparked concern about player safety and performance. The objective ...
Haemophilic arthropathy is the result of repetitive intraarticular bleeding and synovial inflammation. The effects of haemophilic arthropathy on neuromuscular control during gait have not been investigated. We compared muscle activity patterns and lower limb kinematics between people with haemophili...
Residual force enhancement (rFE) is an established feature of skeletal muscle, but its molecular mechanism remains a matter of debate. In this study, rFE was elicited by stimulation protocols that simulated muscle fiber recruitment versus rate coding conditions. The results indicate that rFE was lar...
Estimation of spring-mass parameters in running (i.e., leg stiffness) relies on geometric assumptions of a runner’s anthropometry and dynamics. A method is presented that estimates leg stiffness, touchdown angle, and leg length from a vertical ground reaction force recording using nonlinear regres...
Through an experimental decoupling of whole-body metabolic and muscle activation-related costs, we provide empirical evidence of humans embracing non-metabolic optimality in favor of a clearly defined neuromuscular objective.
Relationships between joint position sense (JPS) and the sensorimotor characteristics of joint stiffness, time to detect motion, and time to peak torque during a perturbation test have rarely been investigated due to methodological challenges. The purpose of this study was to compare JPS and the sen...
Patella kinematics such as lateral tilt and translation may be associated with patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis development. Physiotherapists design programs to strengthen the VMO to decrease tracking and tilt to reduce contact pressure. Using a musculoskeletal model, we estimated in vivo join...
To remain internationally competitive in figure skating, athletes must be able to perform jumps safely. The axel jump has been considered traditionally the most difficult jump and as athletes trains since very young age, it is fundamental to recognize landing techniques rising injury risk. This stud...
We evaluated inter-limb movement variability from wireless sensor data captured during treadmill walking and jogging gait. Using machine learning algorithms, gait features were extracted and analysed to classify patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament reconstructed (ACLR)knees from healthy subjects...
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