Real-time estimation of localised achilles tendon strain using a multiscale emg-informed neuromusculoskeletal model

Real-time prediction of Achilles tendon strain can be used to inform rehabilitation and training interventions. In this study, we combined an electromyogram (EMG)-informed neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) model of the lower limbs with a surrogate finite element (FE) model of the Achilles tendon to estimate localised tendon strain in real-time. Future development of this technology will enable real-time strain estimates in real-world conditions.