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Robotic elbow flexion training using a newly developed upper limb single-joint Hybrid Assistive Limb (upper limb HAL-SJ) was implemented for patients with elbow flexor reconstruction after brachial plexus injury (BPI). No serious adverse events were observed during upper limb HAL-SJ training in all ...
Muscle and knee forces were estimated for 13 female athletes performing a drop vertical jump (DVJ) to quantify tibial anterior shear force (ASF) during landing. We employed and compared a method that accounted for measured electromyography (EMG) to a more typical effort minimization method to evalua...
The aim of this study was to determine how individual lower-limb muscles contributed to body COM acceleration during the first stance of sprint running when the runner presented a considerable side-to-side movement at the beginning of a sprint start. It remains unclear whether a wide step width affe...
Dynamic elastography imaging, whether based on Magnetic Resonance or Ultrasound modalities, attempts to reconstruct quantitative maps of the viscoelastic properties of biological tissue, properties that are altered by disease and injury. Reconstruction often assumes isotropy and homogeneity and negl...
We used shear wave elastography (SWE) to examine changes in hamstrings muscle shear elastic modulus with contraction type and intensity. Also, we examined the relationships between hamstrings muscle size/architecture and shear modulus. Shear modulus increased curvilinearly with increasing contractio...
The windlass mechanism is thought a key part of human foot form and function. Previously considered a passive tensioning of the plantar aponeurosis, we provide evidence that ankle plantar flexor, and plantar intrinsic foot muscles actively mediate the windlass mechanism and metatarsal-phalangeal joi...
Marker error affects musculoskeletal (MSK) modeling outputs. For effective marker set optimization it is essential to examine the errors of all markers. Data of 11 subjects were collected during a single-leg forward jump-landing (FJ). OpenSim Inverse Kinematics (IK) was performed and maximum (max) e...
Skeletal muscles normally take the form of muscle-tendon unit (MTU) where muscle fibers act as activation-driven actuators while tendinous tissues act as viscoelastic springs.The interaction of the two components can be optimized for enhancing motor performance in a mechanically efficient manner, an...
Allowing the arms to swing naturally while carrying a load yields a similar cost to carrying a load at the waist, which is generally considered to be the most inexpensive load carrying method.
Tendon tissue engineering approaches are challenged by a limited understanding of the role mechanical loading plays in normal tendon development. We propose that the increased loading that developing postnatal tendons experience with the onset of locomotor behavior impacts tendon formation. In this ...
Musculoskeletal models (MSKMs) can provide estimates of joint contact forces (CFs), hence enabling monitoring of joint loading. By comparing models with different levels of personalisation based on magnetic resonance images (MRI) information, we quantified how anatomical accuracy affects the estimat...
Glenohumeral joint stability is determined by the function of the muscles crossing it. Our goal was to identify how muscles adapt in the context of an injury, like rotator cuff tear (RCT), to maintain joint stability. Computational model simulations were used to predict force contributions of muscle...
Abrupt deceleration is a common practice in several sports, where sudden changes of direction are needed to perform at the highest level. The aim of this work is to estimate muscle forces and muscle contributions to the acceleration of the center of mass during a rapid anterior/posterior (A/P) decel...
Anterior shear forces and valgus moments at the knee expose the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to high loads. Knee joint loads are largely produced by muscles, but the contribution of individual muscles to knee joint loads during potentially injurious movements, such as single leg landing, is not ...
It is currently unclear whether shear wave velocity (SWV) is able to predict changes in muscle stiffness independent of changes in stress, as these covary in muscle and SWV is known to depend on both stress and the material properties of a tissue. Our unique animal model allowed us to match ultrasou...
Using serial elastic elements as an interface between human and isokinetic machine can positively influence the muscular work during contraction. The approach of the study was to evaluate effects of additional serial elasticity on the efficiency during force transmission. First results are promising...
Musculoskeletal spine models are entirely based on data from adults and might not be applicable for children and adolescents. We therefore created spine models for each year from 6-18 years of age by adjusting length and mass distribution as well as inertial properties, sagittal alignment and muscle...
This study demonstrates that the striated muscle protein, myopalladin, is involved in regulation of muscle growth resulting in altered isometric and isotonic properties. A mouse knockout model was generated, and muscle structural and functional properties measured. Muscle fiber diameter was smaller ...
Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) has been used to analyse biomechanical data including force, kinematic and EMG trajectories, but common SPM software implementations require 20 ms for probability calculations, which may be too slow for real-time applications. This study aimed to improve the effi...
The adjustments in motor unit recruitment and rate coding and the modulation of a spinal reflex pathway appear to differ when a lengthening contraction is performed on an isokinetic dynamometer compared with the lowering of an inertial load.
Amputation severely disrupts muscles remaining at the end of the residual limb. We performed a pilot study to determine the effect of amputation on residual muscle architecture. We surgically amputated one hind paw in two rabbits. At two weeks post-surgery, we euthanized the rabbits, fixed both hind...
To perform cross validate between Computed Muscle Control (CMC) results from musculoskeletal simulation and existing experimental data, we compared the compensatory activation of other leg muscles with paralyzed gastrocnemius (GCM) medial head. As a result, muscle activities from CMC showed similar ...
Foot placement is critical to balance control and is largely performed by muscles. Although gluteus medius activity has been associated with mediolateral (ML) foot placement, it is unknown how other muscles contribute to ML as well as anteroposterior (AP) foot placement. This study investigated musc...
Little is known about the influence of muscle length on force-enhancement during (FE) and following (rFE) lengthening contractions. Preliminary data shows that during electrically stimulated contractions, FE and rFE are relatively greater at a longer, compared with a shorter muscle length, which ind...
This study implemented a muscle synergy extrapolation method to estimate the fewest number of lower limb muscle activation patterns required to characterize walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Muscle activation data from a child with CP and a typically developing (TD) child were used. Find...
Each skeletal muscle commonly comprises a muscle-tendon unit (MTU) where muscle fibers act as actuators while tendinous tissues act as elastic springs.Recent findings however point to the need to view skeletal muscles as the unity of multiple MTUs interacting with each other. Some in vivo findings i...
Human-in-the-loop optimization is a powerful strategy for customizing exoskeleton assistance for an individual, but optimization of many control parameters becomes resource-intensive. We used simulations to determine if coupling assistance between lower-limb degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) could produce l...
Professional player feedback and regulations implemented by the National Hockey League (NHL) dictate equipment modifications for ice hockey goaltenders. Recent regulation changes for goaltender chest and arm equipment in the NHL has sparked concern about player safety and performance. The objective ...
Head and neck injuries are common in vehicle rollovers. To provide novel insights into the pre-crash dynamics of vehicle occupants and to improve current surrogate models, we developed a device that records the neck’s vertebral alignment and muscle activity via fluoroscopy and electromyography in ...
Clinical measures of arm strength and pitch velocity were measured in college pitchers. Correlations to pitch velocity were identified and used to create a regression learner predictive neural network. The neural network allows pitch velocity to be determined within 2.325 mph, without maximum effort...
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