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The initiation and propagation of cranial fracture following blunt impact remain poorly understood. To evaluate the significance of intrinsic skull properties on remote fracture initiation, computational models of representative specimens were tested under a variety of extrinsic impact conditions an...
The sarcomere force-length (FL) relationship can be derived theoretically using thick and thin filament lengths. Here, we determined the mean sarcomere FL curve using directly- measured sarcomere lengths (SL) and muscle forces in an intact muscle and compared it to the theoretical FL curve. Tibialis...
Young healthy adults performed rapid isometric force pulses with individual fingers in two directions (force generation and relaxation), and from three initial force levels. Force-rate enslaving was computed to quantify finger interdependence. The ring finger is the most enslaved, force-rate enslavi...
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) usually leads to favourable clinical and functional results, yet some patients experience persisting limitations in shoulder range of motion (ROM). Shoulder abduction ROM is comprised of individual contributions of scapular rotation (between scapula and thorax) an...
The purpose of this study was to determine if associations existed among hip adduction angle, hip abductor muscle activity, and hip abductor strength in runners. A larger peak hip adduction angle was associated with more tensor fascia lata activity magnitude during running. Stronger hip abductors we...
Mechanical loading has been shown to positively influence tendon healing; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of biophysical stimuli - principal and deviatoric strain - in regulating healing using finite element (FE) method. Axisymmetric FE models were cr...
Head and neck injuries are common in vehicle rollovers. To provide novel insights into the pre-crash dynamics of vehicle occupants and to improve current surrogate models, we developed a device that records the neck’s vertebral alignment and muscle activity via fluoroscopy and electromyography in ...
This presentation will focus on technological approaches that are applied in biomechanical research on head injury and in assessment of protective headgear. Both physical surrogate models that are designed to mimic the biomechanics of living humans, and instrumentation that quantifies exposure to in...
Although knee injury is common among soccer players, limited research on risk of injury exists. This study examined core endurance and strength in thirty-nine professional male soccer players and recorded knee injuries experienced throughout the following season. Prone-bridge, side-bridge, trunk fle...
For individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) who experience spasticity, selective percutaneous myofascial lengthening (SPML) represents a minimally-invasive surgery targeting connective tissue surrounding muscle that may improve joint range-of-motion and walking ability. These techniques contrast with s...
The one-step self-calibrating bundle adjustment (BA) is a calibration approach for high-speed biplanar videoradiography (HSBV). This study demonstrates that the BA, in comparison to a modified direct linear transformation (DLT) calibration, results in kinematic differences and reduced bias. This is ...
Perception of knee healthy is important in return to physical activity after knee injuries. The association between the subjective measurements and objective markers of knee stress is important. Here we found a positive relationship between perception of knee health and impact forces on participants...
The internal foot power and work during the takeoff phase of the standing long jump were calculated using distal foot power and foot power imbalance techniques. The foot power profiles were very similar for the two methods with a period of power absorption followed by a period of power generation ri...
Internal knee abduction moments affect mediolateral distribution of tibiofemoral loads and, thus, are likely related to the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Four normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese (OB) participants performed gait (G), cycling (C), and elliptical (E) training expe...
Timing of peak muscle activity of the biceps femoris long head during stance phase of running was compared for people with a transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses. The amputated leg had earlier peak activity compared to the intact leg using both prostheses, suggestin...
Incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often impairs walking ability, which increase fall risk and limit community ambulation. To develop effective interventions for improving such ability, behaviors that contribute to walking stability and how those behaviors can be modified must be identified. This ...
An exoskeleton to assist the knee during a vertical jump was built and tested. The device stores energy in springs during knee bending before the jump and releases energy during the leg push. The device thus provides support during both the negative and the positive work phases of the muscles during...
Orthotic insoles can be an effective way to alter gait mechanics to conservatively manage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Changes in plantar pressure distribution and comfort impact adherence to insole treatment but have not been investigated in insoles specific for knee OA. We evaluated differences in pl...
Knee kinetics were measured in a cadaveric simulation of drop landing, in which clinically-relevant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries were obtained. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the knee kinetics to identify the most relevant parameters linked to injury. The findings...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of using inertial measurement units (IMUs) to measure kinematics in the basketball free throw and to determine whether differences in technique across player calibres can be identified using these variables. Five wearable IMUs recorded 3D acce...
The purpose was to compare muscle and hip contact forces (HCF) during gait in FAI patients pre- and post-surgery. Hip kinematics and kinetics were computed and muscle and HCF were estimated using musculoskeletal modelling. FAI patients showed significant improvement scores in reported outcomes, redu...
Increased articular contact stress, resulting from joint incongruity following intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia, contributes to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. We are using finite element-computed contact stress to identify at-risk areas of the joint surface for the pu...
The Hollowing exercise is part of training regimens to recover dynamic lumbar stability thought the enhancement of deep abdominal muscles function. During exercise execution guidance is usually given, but the intra-session effectiveness is unknown. We compared the thickness of transverse abdominis (...
There are no longitudinal studies investigating the joint kinematics of the lower limbs following tibial plateau fracture. This means that physiotherapists and surgeons do not have the quantitative data on changes in function with time, which may be vital for postoperative rehabilitation. This study...
The intrinsic link between slower and faster muscle contractile elements in the musculoskeletal system can be generalised across scales from motor units within a muscle to synergistic muscles. At both scales, a unified plan should govern recruitment during movement across a range of mechanical deman...
Multifractal Correlation Analysis (MFC) was used to study coordination between walkers and noisy metronomes. Results revealed stronger patterns of coordination between walkers and a fractal metronome in comparison to a white noise or periodic one, indicating improved walking adaptability.
The purpose of this study was to further develop robust ways to non-invasively measure and report scapular dynamics used by diverse reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) patients.
The effects of hip arthroscopy on hip joint mechanics and cartilage health in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are not well understood. In our exploratory study, patients with FAIS exhibited abnormal hip joint mechanics both prior to and after hip arthroscopy, when compared...
Spine kinematics are often recorded in vivo by tracking motion of multi-segment regions (e.g. T12 to S1). Many models of the spine must distribute T12/S1 motion across segmental levels, commonly by assuming linear proportions. This raises concern when modelling non-sagittal plane movements as 3-D an...
This study tracked concussions and head impacts with helmet-mounted accelerometers over one high school football season and found that the weeks in which concussions occurred resulted in increased time spent on scrimmaging (a type of practice which simulates games) compared to other drills. These we...
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