The effects of cerebellum transcranial direct current stimulation on online and offline learning of a complex multi-joint throwing task

The effect of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) on online and offline learning of complex multi-joint movements is relatively unexplored. This study employed a two-session double-blind SHAM-controlled design to examine total, online, and offline learning effects of c-tDCS on an overhand throwing task. Thirteen right-handed healthy young adults were randomized into a c-tDCS or SHAM group and attended two-sessions separated by 24-hrs. On Day 1, participants completed a baseline block, 5 practice blocks, and a 5-min post-block to assess online learning. Day 2 consisted of a single block of throws to assess offline learning. Online learning in the c-tDCS vs. SHAM group approached statistical significance (p = 0.06). Total and offline learning effects were not statistically significant between groups (p > 0.2).