The cost of stabilizing the ankle in static and dynamic tasks

We used two different models to estimate muscle activations during a static and dynamic task involving the ankle. It was found that a multi-objective optimization (MOO) model that included both muscle activation and stability terms better matched experimental activations than a single objective optimization (SOO) model with only muscle activations. The difference in muscle activations predicted by the MOO vs SOO resulted in a 10-67% increase in metabolic power; we assume this increase was attributed to adding stability to the ankle joint.