Intrinsic foot joints adapt a stabilization-resistance configuration during the stance phase

The present study evaluates the 3D angle between the joint moment and the joint angular velocity vectors and investigates if the ankle, Chopart and Lisfranc joints are predominantly driven or stabilized during gait. The 3D angle curves show that the three joints adapt a stabilization-resistance configuration during the stance phase, except at pre-swing with all joints in a propulsion configuration.