Habitual running in minimal or partial minimal shoes compared to barefoot running.

Minimal and partial minimal running shoes were both developed to mimic barefoot running. However, different kinematics and kinetics have been reported between these shoes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether peak ground reaction forces (GRFs) and loadrates (LR) during early stance differ between these shoes compared with barefoot running (BF). Results suggest that habitual running in minimal shoes generally increase peak forces and loadrates above habitual BF running.