Abstract Summary
Landing is considered a high-risk movement. Understanding lower extremity muscle contributions to three-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF) may give insight to redesigning safe landing techniques. Five females completed an unanticipated stop-jump task. Musculoskeletal modelling was used to estimate muscle force contributions to three-dimensional GRF. The vasti and soleus muscle forces contributed the most to all three GRFs across all phases of the landing task. Future retraining programs for landing may want to target these muscles specifically.